How patients are seeing their doctor is changing, and that could shape access to and quality of care for decades to come. More than 100 million Americans don’t have regular access to primary care, a number that has nearly doubled since 2014. Yet demand for primary care is up, spurred partly by record enrollment in… Read More »
Primary care in the US is segregated by racial/ethnic identification. What are the implications? Most people in the US are aware that our neighborhoods are often highly segregated by race and ethnicity. Racism — historical and current, structural and individual — plays a role in neighborhood demographics. The same forces also result in segregated workplaces,… Read More »
Better care coordination may improve access to primary care for people who are dually eligible for Medicare and Medicaid. Recent evaluations of the Financial Alignment Initiative (FAI)–an initiative incentivizing the financial alignment of Medicare and Medicaid–suggests care coordination could improve access to primary care services for some dually eligible beneficiaries. Care coordination alone, however, may… Read More »
President Biden released the National Strategy for the COVID-19 Response and Pandemic Preparedness on January 21, 2020. It is an ambitious attempt to decrease the spread of the novel coronavirus and get hundreds of millions of Americans immunized. This COVID-19 vaccine plan, however, is missing a key element. Namely, primary care. An incomplete national strategy for… Read More »
The COVID-19 pandemic caused large reductions in in-person office visits, costing primary care practices billions and exposing many of the risks associated with the fee-for-service (FFS) payment system. Capitation arrangements, in which providers are paid a per-member per-month payment, may offer a more attractive, less risky arrangement in the post-COVID-19 world. Almost all US health… Read More »
The COVID-19 pandemic and the killing of George Floyd are further stressing the already strained U.S. mental health care system. Primary care doctors train to treat common mental health problems, and they can help alleviate this strain on the system. Mental health issues on the rise In a national survey [pdf] of primary care patients… Read More »
A new study out this month in Medical Care by Yongkang Zhang and colleagues finds that people in struggling neighborhoods have considerably higher spending on potentially preventable health care. While overall health care spending was similar between the most deprived areas and average communities, the finding about spending on potentially preventable health care tells an… Read More »
I have written a lot about primary care. I’ve covered its role in reducing ED visits, discussed the benefits of one of its most unique facets (coordination of care), and described the challenges of younger adults moving away from traditional models of primary care. It is hard to overstate just how important this field of medicine… Read More »
For months, I’ve been keenly interested in trying to explore where the field of primary care research stands. It’s daunting to pull your head up from your own research, take stock of what your colleagues (both known and unknown) are doing and try to assess where the field is advancing. Doing this every now and… Read More »
Tailoring the primary care medical home model improves the care experience for US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) patients with homelessness experience, according to a recent study by Dr. Audrey Jones and colleagues in the journal Medical Care. Researchers from the VA’s Informatics, Decision-Enhancement, and Analytic Sciences (IDEAS) Center and Center for Health Equity Research… Read More »
Primary care sensitive (PCS) emergency department (ED) use is a measure that highlights the connection between primary and emergency care. The right care, for the right person, in the right place, at the right time is a reasonable goal of a high-quality health system. In the US, however, many people go to the emergency department… Read More »
A few weeks ago, a headline in the Chicago Tribune grabbed my attention: “Millennials are trading primary care doctors for faster, cheaper alternatives.” This headline fits the rather unfortunate stereotype of millennials as impatient, job-hopping, financially-struggling, digital natives. But if this is true, then millennials are bound to “swipe left” to health care delivered in a… Read More »
As the older population in the US continues to grow, simultaneously increasing the need for healthcare services and providers, patients these days might be more likely to see a physician assistant (PA) or a nurse practitioner (NP), as opposed to an physician (MD); but what’s the difference? Let’s start out with some key facts: how… Read More »
The day had finally come to start my first job as an EMT for a 9-1-1, emergency ambulance company. Before my first shift, I believed that most of the emergencies I would respond to were going to be serious and could be a matter of life or death. However, little did I know that many… Read More »
Emergency departments (EDs) nationwide are busy places. In some locales they are overcrowded. In places like Los Angeles and other dense, urban areas with high poverty, they are over-capacity to such an extent that they can grind to a halt for all but the highest priority cases. In years past, it was not unheard of for… Read More »
One remedy for the looming shortage of physicians in the United States is expanding the caregiver workforce to include nurse practitioners (NPs) and physician assistants (PAs). These health professionals come from fairly disparate backgrounds, yet over the years, increasing numbers of them have practiced side by side with physicians in primary care and specialty settings… Read More »
The lack of primary care infrastructure in the U.S. has been blamed for our extremely high health expenditures, as we spend about 2.5 times what other comparable countries spend (OECD Health at a Glance) without better health outcomes. Increasing our primary care workforce is an important part of controlling health care costs while also providing… Read More »
Provider burnout and turnover [PDF] is a major challenge for many community health centers. One factor contributing to this problem is workplace climate, or what the experience of working at the health center is like. As anyone in primary care will tell you, at times it can be overwhelming. Thus it was with great interest that… Read More »
Last month, I left readers with a bit of cliffhanger: How do we actually improve care coordination? Last time, I suggested there were some great ideas, and now it’s time to delve into three promising strategies: 1) individualize and personalize the electronic medical record (EMR); 2. fix the hospital discharge process; and 3) make it a part of normal practice to measure care coordination. Read on for more about each of these tools…
Decades of thoughtful research into how we design health care systems has shown that primary care is essential. We know enough to confidently say that systems responsible for the overall health of patients (like health insurance plans or the Veterans Administration) that choose to skimp on primary care do so at their own peril. But in a time… Read More »
Nearly halfway through the primaries, the Democratic primary contest between Hillary Clinton and Bernie Sanders continues. And perhaps nothing sets these candidates further apart in the progressiveness of their agenda than their approaches to health care. In this post, let’s take a look at the vastly different approaches to health care proposed by candidates Clinton and Sanders, with a particular focus on primary care.
The presidential primaries are in full swing and health care is an issue for both parties. The candidates have left themselves plenty of wiggle room, but there is enough information in the public domain to make some predictions about what the different approaches (and they are different) would mean for the health care system. This… Read More »
Medicare for All is Not Happening… 10 years from now will we have Medicare Advantage for All? Grandmother and granddaughter in the same health plan? Others have written that the US should achieve universal health insurance coverage, better health outcomes, and lower costs via comprehensive programs such as “Medicare for All”, as proposed by Senator… Read More »
Representation matters to health. Improving pathways into health care and public health is an important way to increase workforce diversity. This is a crucial step in reducing health disparities and advancing health equity in the U.S. Black, Latinx, and American Indian and Alaska Native communities face higher rates of chronic and life-threatening health conditions. Yet… Read More »
Last month, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Innovation Center announced its newest alternative payment model for primary care, Making Care Primary (MCP). MCP builds upon lessons learned from previous CMS primary care models: the Comprehensive Primary Care Initiative, the Comprehensive Primary Care Plus (CPC+) initiative, the Maryland Primary Care Program, and Primary… Read More »
In a previous post, we shared highlights from an event about fixing health care featuring Dr. Michael Fine, a family medicine physician, former public health official, and the author of Health Care Revolt. The faculty of the Department of Public Health at California State University Los Angeles led the event as part of a department-wide book read.… Read More »
In today’s healthcare system, measurement influences everything from quality improvement to payments. So it matters greatly what gets measured. Measuring what matters to patients and their family caregivers will focus healthcare on their needs, preferences, and values. In a recent measure development effort, we brought lived and professional experience together at every stage. We found… Read More »
Until a few years ago Veterans generally had to visit a Veterans Affairs (VA) facility to receive care. Long wait times and long travel times caused problems for Veterans who needed healthcare. In response, the VA MISSION Act (2018) expanded access to community providers and increased benefits for caregivers. A recent supplement in Medical Care explores some… Read More »
The Medicare Part D program, which was launched in 2006, is in the middle of its second decade of providing prescription drug coverage to Medicare beneficiaries. The Part D program has improved beneficiaries’ access to prescription drugs but at increasing cost. Federal spending for Part D has more than doubled from $44.3 billion in 2006… Read More »
What is telehealth? Telehealth involves using technology to facilitate healthcare interactions but has not been used extensively in Medicare in the past. The use of telehealth may be particularly relevant where there are geographic barriers such as a lack of local providers or a public health emergency such as the coronavirus pandemic. There are a… Read More »
Low-income households across the US are more likely to be uninsured or under-insured. Medicaid Expansion paves a path for low-income Americans to obtain access to care. Working-aged underinsured individuals tend to get later medical care and too little care–resulting in poorer health outcomes. Even insured individuals may delay necessary care because of cost. A 2018… Read More »
In this series on options for universal coverage, we explore elements of various reform proposals and evaluate their potential impact. Rather than examining complete proposals, we highlight specific policy elements that appear in one or more such proposals. The three we focus on in this series are: Eliminating Medicare Advantage (May 14, 2020) Expanding Medicare… Read More »
This post summarizes what we know right now about the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the disease it causes, COVID-19. The information contained in this post may change as the situation changes, or may become obsolete. We will attempt to update if any of this changes substantively. News and social media outlets have fallen short of useful… Read More »
Health care is on everyone’s mind. Here’s what presidential candidates say about healthcare: the 2020 edition. We are two weeks into the 2020 presidential primary season. On the Democratic side, muddled results in Iowa and very close results in New Hampshire have sprung some surprises. Currently at the top of the Democratic field are Pete… Read More »
The need for a comprehensive payment approach that supports the entire maternity care experience from prenatal, labor, and delivery, to postnatal care, is critical for both maternal and child health outcomes. Aligning payment to reward better birth outcomes is becoming more widespread. A handful of states are experimenting with bundled payments to advance value-based payment… Read More »
“One foot in the grave,” he said. “Is that how you feel?” I asked. “No, it’s how I live.” Unsheltered for 38 years, he had lived primarily behind a dumpster floating in and out of the medical, social and judicial system. In the month before the new Keck School of Medicine of the University of… Read More »
“A book lying idle on the shelf is wasted ammunition.” – Henry Miller, The Books in My Life (1952) The Medical Care Blog is home to many strong opinions. In the last year, contributors have written provocatively about the political determinants of health, highlighted the per-mile cost of President Trump’s wall in numbers of children who… Read More »
Reproductive rights have been a topic for policy making and legal jurisprudence throughout much of the past century. As the healthcare system of the United States continues to evolve, women’s health and reproductive rights remain central to the debate. I previously authored a post here at The Medical Care Blog which discussed religion-restricted healthcare and… Read More »
A fundamental question in health reform is how changes to insurance policy affect health insurance coverage. Since the passage of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) in 2010, research has demonstrated that the ACA reduced the uninsured rate across the country [pdf]. By expanding eligibility for the Medicaid program, establishing marketplaces for the purchase of private insurance, providing… Read More »
Improving the overall patient care experience is an essential focus for organizations as healthcare delivery continues to evolve. The US Department of Health & Human Services Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) notes patient experience as an integral component of healthcare quality, which includes “several aspects of healthcare delivery that patients value highly when… Read More »
American Indians (AIs) typically have poorer health outcomes than any other racial or ethnic minority group in the United States. This includes an increased risk for cancer, diabetes, injury related mortality, and infant mortality. AIs tend to have the highest rates of poverty and low rates of insurance coverage. Much of the AI population uses the Indian… Read More »
“Neonatal abstinence syndrome” (NAS) sounds deceptively innocuous, given that it is literally infant drug withdrawal. It is usually caused by prenatal exposure to opioids but can also result from maternal consumption of other substances, like alcohol and antianxiety medications. Common symptoms include excessive high-pitched crying, fever, sweating, irritability, vomiting, diarrhea, rapid breathing, sleep disturbances, and poor… Read More »
Reproductive rights have been a topic for policy making and legal jurisprudence throughout much of the past century. As the healthcare system of the United States continues to evolve, women’s health and reproductive rights remain central to the debate. A recent policy update by Aishwarya Rajagopalan and Lisa Lines here at The Medical Care Blog discusses… Read More »
Adequacy of healthcare for transgender patients has recently come to light, particularly with the increased discussion of trans persons in the media. Trans individuals identify their gender differently from their assigned sex at birth. Trans healthcare is an emerging field of research, and this increased focus continues to uncover the lack of knowledge amongst providers… Read More »
Expanding health insurance coverage may improve health care access [PDF] and reduce financial stress [PDF]. Ideally, having health insurance and the resultant access to care should improve health outcomes and well-being, although the evidence is complicated and mixed. One thing is sure: expanded insurance coverage typically leads to more utilization – a concern for policymakers and administrators because… Read More »
Paying for value, rewarding high-value care, pay-for-performance—all are examples of terminology used to describe aligning financial incentives with clinical goals and processes. Essentially, these policies and programs seek to link quality to payment and their influence is growing, extending even to Medicare. While these concepts have been discussed repeatedly by many in healthcare, including the… Read More »
Dual eligibility for Medicare and Medicaid is expected to improve access to care for low-income individuals who qualify for both programs, relative to eligibility for either program alone. Medicaid coverage of Medicare deductibles and co-payments can reduce the financial burdens that these cost sharing requirements may pose for low-income Medicare beneficiaries. These dual eligible beneficiaries… Read More »
In a new Medical Care article published ahead of print, Cheryl R. Clark, MD, ScD, and colleagues, of Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard, provide pre-ACA implementation estimates of income-based disparities in delayed or forgone care due to cost by race/ethnicity, by state-level Medicaid expansion status. Reforms can be unevenly implemented even if they address the primary causes of… Read More »
Using 2003-2009 Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) hospital discharge data from 6 geographically and demographically diverse states, Mukamel and colleagues found that African Americans continue to experience poorer quality primary care, especially for chronic conditions.
According to data out this month from the Kaiser Family Foundation, there are 2 male doctors for every 1 female in practice in the US. This translates to about 300,000 fewer women than men in practice today. This gender difference is a disparity that many in health care may think has resolved, but in fact… Read More »